Christine Anthonius and Annita Seok Kian Yong and Ching Fui Fui (2018) Supplementation of duckweed diet and citric acid on growth performance, feed utilization, digestibility and phosphorus utilization of hybrid grouper TGGG. pp. 1009-1016.
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Supplementation of duckweed diet and citric acid on growth performance, feed utilization, digestibility and phosphorus utilization of hybrid grouper TGGG.pdf Restricted to Registered users only Download (334kB) |
Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted in juvenile TGGG hybrid grouper to investigate the growth performance, feed utilization, and digestibility after citric acid supplementation in a diet that was partially composed of duckweed. Five isoproteic and isolipidic diets (50% protein, 16% lipid levels) were formulated using Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrrhiza at 5% of fishmeal protein replacement level with or without 3% of citric acid supplementation. A diet without duckweed and citric acid was used as the control diet. Triplicate groups of fish (10.30±0.05 g) were randomly distributed in tanks with a flow through system at a stocking density of 20 fish per tank. The fish were fed twice daily with each experimental diet until apparent satiation for 10 weeks. As a result, the fish fed a diet with duckweed S. polyrrhiza and citric acid (DSC) achieved significantly higher growth, body weight gain (BWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) compared to the control group (P<0.05); however, it was not significantly different with other treatments (P>0.05). The growth, BWG and SGR in fish fed duckweed diets only (L. minor and S. polyrrhiza) were almost similar with the control without significant differences (P>0.05). Similarly in feed utilization, fish fed the DSC diet had a better feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and net protein utilization without significant differences (P>0.05) compared to the control. The apparent digestibility coefficient for crude protein and crude lipid, and phosphorus absorption of DSC and the diet with duckweed L. minor and citric acid were comparable to the control without any significant differences (P>0.05). Survival was not affected by the experimental diets. This study showed that TGGG can utilize a diet partially composed of duckweed and better performance was observed with the aid of citric acid.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Keyword: | hybrid grouper, citric acid, duckweed, growth, feed utilization |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering |
| Depositing User: | OTHMAN HJ RAWI - |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Jul 2019 08:30 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Aug 2021 14:46 |
| URI: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/22326 |
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