Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in western Madura strait sediments

Alfin Fatwa M Afifudin and Hafidya Norista Pramesti and Rony Irawanto and Anta Sari and Agoes Soegianto and Moch Affandi and Carolyn Melissa Payus (2025) Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in western Madura strait sediments. Results in Engineering, 26. pp. 1-11. ISSN 2590-1230

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Abstract

Heavy metal contamination in coastal sediments poses significant risks to marine ecosystems and human health. The western side of the Madura Strait, Indonesia, is particularly vulnerable due to its proximity to urban and industrial activities. This study assesses the contamination levels and spatial distribution of heavy metals, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb), in the sediments of six locations in the western Madura Strait. Contamination was evaluated using indices such as the Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (CD), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Sediment Pollution Index (SPI), and Ecological Risk Index (RI). Sediment samples were analyzed for metal concentrations using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and spatial distributions were mapped. The results indicated that the CF values for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb were 0.9, 1, 1.5, 14.4, and 2.8, respectively, signifying a range from low to very high contamination. The CD value was 20.5, indicating a considerable degree of contamination. PLI value of 11.5, which indicates that the area is polluted. EF and Igeo confirmed Cu as the dominant pollutant. ER analysis revealed that Cu posed the highest risk, categorized as moderate risk and considerable risk, particularly at Location E. Supported by the RI values (111), which indicate that the area is classified as low ecological risk category. Furthermore, SPI values between 0.6 and 1.4 categorized sediments as natural pollution levels. Silt-dominated sediments exhibited the greatest concentrations of Pb and Cr.

Item Type:	Article
Keyword:	Marine pollution, Ecological assessment, Heavy metals, Madura strait, Spatial distribution
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GC Oceanography > GC1-1581 Oceanography > GC1080-1581 Marine pollution. Sea water pollution Q Science > QH Natural history > QH301-705.5 Biology (General) > QH540-549.5 Ecology
Department:	FACULTY > Faculty of Science and Natural Resources
Depositing User:	SITI AZIZAH BINTI IDRIS -
Date Deposited:	15 Jul 2025 16:20
Last Modified:	15 Jul 2025 16:20
URI:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/44491

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