Modeling and Optimization of Biochar Based Adsorbent Derived from Kenaf Using Response Surface Methodology on Adsorption of Cd2+

Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed and Noorfidza Yub Harun and Suriati Sufian and Muhammad Roil Bilad and Baiq Asma Nufida and Noor Maizura Ismail and Zaki Yamani Zakaria and Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba and Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb and Baker Nasser Saleh Al-Dhawi (2021) Modeling and Optimization of Biochar Based Adsorbent Derived from Kenaf Using Response Surface Methodology on Adsorption of Cd2+. Water, 13 (999). pp. 1-18. ISSN 2073-4441 (Unpublished)

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URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/7/999

Abstract

Cadmium is one of the most hazardous metals in the environment, even when present at very low concentrations. This study reports the systematic development of Kenaf fiber biochar as an adsorbent for the removal of cadmium (Cd) (II) ions from water. The adsorbent development was aided by an optimization tool. Activated biochar was prepared using the physicochemical activation method, consisting of pre-impregnation with NaOH and nitrogen (N2) pyrolysis. The influence of the preparation parameters—namely, chemical impregnation (NaOH: KF), pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis time on biochar yield, removal rate, and the adsorption capacity of Cd (II) ions—was investigated. From the experimental data, some quadratic correlation models were developed according to the central composite design. All models demonstrated a good fit with the experimental data. The experimental results revealed that the pyrolysis temperature and heating time were the main factors that affected the yield of biochar and had a positive effect on the Cd (II) ions’ removal rate and adsorption capacity. The impregnation ratio also showed a positive effect on the specific surface area of the biochar, removal rate, and adsorption capacity of cadmium, with a negligible effect on the biochar yield. The optimal biochar-based adsorbent was obtained under the following conditions: 550 ◦C of pyrolysis temperature, 180 min of heating time, and a 1:1 NaOH impregnation ratio. The optimum adsorbent showed 28.60% biochar yield, 69.82% Cd (II) ions removal, 23.48 mg/g of adsorption capacity, and 160.44 m2/g of biochar-specific area.

Item Type:	Article
Keyword:	Biochar , Cadmium , Optimization , Adsorption , Kenaf fiber , CCD-RSM
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA1-2040 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Department:	FACULTY > Faculty of Engineering
Depositing User:	SITI AZIZAH BINTI IDRIS -
Date Deposited:	26 Feb 2022 16:05
Last Modified:	26 Feb 2022 16:05
URI:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/31782

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