Lu, Siew Ling (2011) Determination of petroleum hydrocarbon in coastal water of Bongawan, Sabah. Universiti Malaysia Sabah. (Unpublished)
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Abstract
This research was conducted to determine the level of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) that exists in coastal zone of Bongawan, 5abah. Three sampling stations were selected and two layer water sampling was carried out at each sampling station to determine the variation in the concentration of PHC in terms of different water layers. The levels of PHC at different sampling stations and different water layers were determined by using EPH (Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbon) parameter. The major hydrocarbon compounds that exist in the coastal zone of Bongawan were determined by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GC/M5). Water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, electrical conductivity CEC), and pH were determined. Statistical analysis was carried out by using Pearson Correlation to determine the correlation between EPH and investigated water quality parameters. The results indicated that EPH levels in the surface water layer for 51, 52, and 53 were 0.0056±0.0003 mg/L, 0.0010±0.0001mg/L, and 0.0042±0.0002 mg/L respectively while the EPH levels in the subsurface water layer for 51, 52, and 53 were 0.0035±0.0001mg/L, 0.0020±0.0002 mg/L, and 0.0014±0.0001 mg/L respectively. The highest EPH level in surface layer was at 51 and the lowest was at 52 while the highest EPH level in subsurface layer was at 51 and the lowest was at 53. Altogether, the mean EPH for both surface and subsurface water layer at all stations were within the range of 0.0010±0.0001 mg/L to 0.0056±0.0003 mg/L and the mean EPH for surface layer (0.0036±0.0020 mg/L) was greater than the mean EPH for subsurface layer (0.0023±.0.0009 mg/L). EPH showed positive correlation with DO (r=0.780), salinity (r=0.973), and EC (r=0.983) but showed negative correlation with temperature (r=-0.673) and pH (r=-0.733) in surface layer. However, EPH showed positive correlation with salinity (r=0.999), EC (r=0.999), and pH (r=0.141) but showed negative correlation with temperature (r=-0.995) and DO (r=-0.994) in subsurface layer. The level of confidence for the correlation coefficient between EPH and water quality parameters is 95% with 0=0.05. The major hydrocarbon compounds that exist in Bongawan coastal zone were unable to identify in this research due to lack of complete chemical standard. Results obtained from this research contribute to the database for water quality at Bongawan coastal zone and it also used to determine the toxicity risks that caused by the existence of hydrocarbon compounds in Bongawan coastal zone toward marine living things.
| Item Type: | Academic Exercise |
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| Keyword: | petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC), coastal, water layers, Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbon, water quality |
| Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences |
| Department: | SCHOOL > School of Science and Technology |
| Depositing User: | ADMIN ADMIN |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jun 2016 11:39 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Nov 2017 11:11 |
| URI: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/13535 |
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