Shobana V Manirasa (2016) Effects of using different concentration of sea water for grassy weed control in Bermuda Turfgrass (Cynodon Dactylon). Universiti Malaysia Sabah. (Unpublished)
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Abstract
long term use of herbicide can pose serious threat to environment. Alternative strategies to chemical herbicide in weed control have received increasing attention nowadays. Sea water could be used to control weed in salt tolerant turfgrass areas. The experiment was conducted in the rain shelter at Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Sandakan Campus, UMS in pots under a sand culture system to examine the response of turfgrass and common local weed species. The sandy soil had electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.24 dSm-l, organic carbon 0.09%, nitrogen 0.34%, with pH 5.23. Eight grassy weed species were used namely Axonopus compressus, Chrysopogon aciculatus, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Digitaria ciliaris, Digitaria fuscescens, Digitaria sanguinalis, Poa annua. l, Sporobolus diander. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of different concentration of sea water application for grassy weed control in Cynodon dactylon turfgrass and to categorise grassy weed species according to its susceptibility to sea water. All weed species and the control C dactylon (Bermuda) were subjected to five different salinity treatments, namely 0 dS m-l (distilled water), 12.2 dS mol, 24.4 dS mot, 36.5 dS m-l and 48.7 dS mol. The EC of collected sea water was 48.7 dS mol. Pots were arranged in a completely Randomised design (CRD) with four replications. The treatment means were compared by least Significance Differences (LSD) at the 5% probability level. The parameters measured were injury level, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and total dry matter. Injury symptoms were visually evaluated as an indicator of current conditions of weeds and bermudagrass at 3, 7, 14,21 and 28 day after initial sea water exposure. At the end of the experiment shoots and roots were harvested. Results showed that the response to salinity varied among species. Based on the present study weeds could be categorized as highly susceptible, moderately susceptible and highly tolerant. Highly susceptible weeds include some grassy weeds (Axonopus compressus, Chrysopogon aciculatus, Digitaria ciliaris and Digitaria fuscescens). Moderately susceptible weed speCies was Digitaria sanguinalis. Besides Cynodon dactylon, Poa annua. land Sporobolus diandrus was found to be moderately tolerant to salt water treatments (48.7 dS mol). Among the weed tested at day 21 D. ciliaris was completely killed at 48.7 dS m-l with 100% injury level. Poa annua. l, S. diander and C dactylon (control) was the least sensitive grass at all higher concentration of sea water with injury level of 45%, 47% and 6% respectively at 48.7 dS m-l on day 28. These results conclude that sea water could be used for selected grassy weed (A. compressus, C aciculatus, D. ciliaris and D. fuscescens) control in turf species C dactylon turfgrass field. This option would be particularly attractive to managers of turf located near coastal areas where brackish or sea water can be readily made available for Irrigation at the same time reduce weed populations. As for the tolerant weed species which experienced less than 50% injury level further research should be done to identify the minimum amount of sea water needed over complete control of the weeds and maybe mixture of sea water and herbicides application can be used to control tough weeds and indirectly reduce the amount of herbicide use.
| Item Type: | Academic Exercise |
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| Keyword: | Herbicide , Sea water , grassy weed , Cynodon dactylon turfgrass |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QK Botany |
| Department: | FACULTY > Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture |
| Depositing User: | NORAINI LABUK - |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Jan 2018 15:41 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Jan 2018 15:41 |
| URI: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/18008 |
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