The advent of capitalism and Malay dilemma in money economy: the foundation of business corporation and cooperative societies in colonial Malaya

A Rahman Tang Abdullah (2021) The advent of capitalism and Malay dilemma in money economy: the foundation of business corporation and cooperative societies in colonial Malaya. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 31. pp. 33-44. ISSN 0854-0039 (P-ISSN) , 2407-5825 (E-ISSN)

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Abstract

This article discusses the Malay dilemma in facing the expansion of money economy in the Malay society in early 20th century Malaya. Historically, the advent of capitalism during this period instigated the growing importance of money economy. However, in the rural economy, the Malay commoners known as ‘rakyat’ were not widely exposed to money economy. The prevalence of money economy in the Malay society was limited to the Malay upper class of royal kinsmen and nobles because of their dominance over the surplus, notably found in the form of taxation imposed on the rakyat who were mostly peasants. This situation began to change in the beginning of the 20th century when credit facilities for agricultural activities became available for the Malay commoners that eventually paved the way for the rakyat to gradually venture into small businesses and be exposed to money economy. In order to address the problem related to indebtedness, there were initiatives to establish cooperative societies for rural credits. However, these initiatives were always overshadowed by the imposition of interests on the loans. This is because such interests were perceived as riba’ or usury, which were regarded as haram or impermissible in Islam. Nevertheless, based on historical circumstances, it can be argued that the establishment of cooperative societies was regarded as the more viable means than business ventures in incorporating the Malay peasant community into money economy.

Item Type:	Article
Keyword:	Rural credit , Commercialism , Money economy , Cooperative societies Malay/Malaya
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) > H1-99 Social sciences (General) H Social Sciences > HB Economic theory. Demography > HB1-3840 Economic theory. Demography
Department:	FACULTY > Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
Depositing User:	SITI AZIZAH BINTI IDRIS -
Date Deposited:	06 Dec 2021 07:40
Last Modified:	06 Dec 2021 07:40
URI:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/31295

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