Prevalence of abnormal urinary cadmium and risk of albuminuria as a primary bioindicator for kidney problems among a healthy population

Mohd Faizal Madrim and Mohd Hasni Ja’afar and Rozita Hod (2021) Prevalence of abnormal urinary cadmium and risk of albuminuria as a primary bioindicator for kidney problems among a healthy population. PeerJ, 9. pp. 1-14. ISSN 2167-8359

	Text Prevalence of abnormal urinary cadmium and risk of albuminuria as a primary bioindicator for kidney problems among a healthy population.pdf Download (46kB)
	Text Prevalence of abnormal urinary cadmium and risk of albuminuria as a primary bioindicator for kidney problems among a healthy population1.pdf Restricted to Registered users only Download (192kB) \| Request a copy

URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC83804...

Abstract

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is increasing globally, ranking 27th as the cause of death in the 1990s, rising to 18th in 2010 and 10th in 2019. Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and hypertension have been identified as the common contributing factors, while there is also evidence linking environmental pollutants, especially cadmium, to kidney disease. This study aimed at investigating the level of urinary cadmium and its relationship to albuminuria as an early indicator of kidney problems in the Kepong community. Respondents were surveyed as part of several health-related programs organized by the Kepong District Health Office involving local communities in and around the district from April 2019 to December 2019. Urinalysis of two urine samples was carried out using a Mission reagent strip and an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) test to detect the presence and level of urinary cadmium. A total of 240 respondents were enrolled from April 2019 to December 2019. Urinalysis of two urine samples was carried out using a Mission reagent strip and an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) test to detect the level of urinary cadmium. The respondents’ average age was 41-year-old (±13.23). Among them, 49.6% were male, 85.0% Malay, 5.8% Chinese and 8.3% Indian. 55.0% had background of tertiary, 39.6% secondary and 5.4% primary level of education. 52.1% were categorized in B40, 34.6% in M40 and 13.3% in T20 based on monthly household income category. 26.7% were hypertensive, 6.7% diabetic, 4.2% had dyslipidemia, 51.7% had urinary cadmium above the alert level, and 27.1% had albuminuria. Discussion. Risk factors for albuminuria that have been identified are age with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.53 (1.41–8.83; p < 0.05), highest educational level with AOR 2.18 (1.14–4.17; p < 0.05), diabetes with AOR 3.36 (1.07–10.52; p < 0.05), and urinary cadmium with AOR 4.72 (2.33–9.59; p < 0.001), with future screening programs placing greater attention to those at risk and further research is required to determine the cause of exposure to cadmium.

Item Type:	Article
Keyword:	Cadmium , Albuminuria , Nephrotoxic , Malaysia , Toxicology , Environmental health , Public health , Kidney
Subjects:	R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA1-1270 Public aspects of medicine > RA1190-1270 Toxicology. Poisons R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA1-1270 Public aspects of medicine > RA421-790.95 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive medicine > RA565-600 Environmental health Including sewage disposal, air pollution, nuisances, water supply
Department:	FACULTY > Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Depositing User:	SITI AZIZAH BINTI IDRIS -
Date Deposited:	08 Jul 2022 14:29
Last Modified:	08 Jul 2022 14:29
URI:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/32977

Actions (login required)

View Item