Nik Nurhusna Nik Sin (2017) The effect of dietary ingredients manipulation at various life stages of giant freshwater prawn, macrobrachium rosenbergii production. Doctoral thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
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Abstract
The present study was carried out determine the effect of dietary ingredients manipulation at various life stages of giant freshwater prawn, M. rosenbergii productions. Four feeding experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary ingredients on the growth performances, survival, feed utilization efficiency and whole body composition of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In experiment 1, five isoproteic (40 %) and isolipidic (10 %) diets with fishmeal (FM), shrimp meal (SHM), squid meal (SQM), bivalve meal (BVM) and a mixture of SHM, SQM and BVM (MIX) were fed to triplicate groups of broodstock and cultured in a recirculation water system. The mean initial wet weight of females and males broodstock were 30 g and 70 g, respectively and stocked at 5 prawns/tank (1 male : 4 females). The prawn was fed at 3 % of body weight (SW), three times daily (8 am, 12 pm and 5 pm) for 180 days. The fecundities of prawn fed MIX (1449.52 ± 64.15 egg/g female) and BVM (1308.53 ± 40.41 egg/g female) were significant higher (P<0.05) than those fed SQM (1085.73 ± 62.92 egg/g female), FM (924.84 ± 67.75 egg/g female) and SHM (875.74 ± 28.14 egg/g female). The largest egg diameter was also found in MIX diets (0.567 ± 0.005 mm) and survival of larvae was all diets is very high (95.06 to 99.71 %). The present study revealed that formulated diet based on SHM, SQM and BVM mixture (MIX diet) can be successfully used in the breeding program of M. rosenbergii. In experiment 2, five experimental feeding regimes were tested in the larviculture of M. rosenbergii: ART (Artemia sp.), ART-MIX (Artemia sp. + egg custard MIX; a mixture of squid, shrimp and bivalve -based egg custard, with palm oil), ART-PBM (Artemia sp. + egg custard PBM; poultry by-product meal-based egg custard with fish oil), egg custard MIX only and egg custard PBM only. Larvae were fed using different feeding regime on stage VI (11 day) thrice daily at 9 am, 12 pm and 5 pm. The larvae were stocked at the rate of 100 larvae/liter in each tank (volume: 70 L) in the static water system. The highest survival was recorded in diet ART-PBM (46.07 ± 0.84 %) and the lowest was in MIX diet (8.87 ± 0.51 %). ART-PBM diet has successfully reduced the rearing period from larvae to post-larvae (PL) stage by 19% compared with ART diet. While, ART-PBM diet can improve the survival from larvae to PL stage by 80 % compared with MIX diet. However, the use of PBM and MIX alone increased the rearing period up to 11 % compared with ART diet. The feeding regime of ART-PBM and ART-MIX has provided nutritional advantages and can be successfully practiced in the hatchery of M. rosenbergii. The innovative approach of using poultry by-product meal and palm oil in the egg custard formulation in the present study can provide the prawn hatchery operators with more options in terms of dietary ingredients and cost-effective solutions. In experiment 3, five isoproteic (40 %) and isolipidic (10 %) experimental diets were formulated using PBM to replace FM at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % replacement levels in the PL of M. rosenbergii. A total of eighty four PL (initial weight: 0.02 ± 0.01 g) were randomly stocked in rectangular tank (1.05 x 1.05 x 0.36 m; 400L) with triplicate group. The PL was fed at three times daily (9 am, 1 pm and 5 pm). The feeding rate was adjusted from 20 % to 7 % based on their average body weight of each tank. PL was cultured in a recirculation water system for 90 days. The final weight (FW), percentage weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was the highest in diet 75PBM (2.28 ± 0.03 g, 11301.85 ± 165.24 % and 5.06 ± 0.00 %/day, respectively). The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in 75PBM vi (1.52) diet, followed by 25PBM (1.60), 50PBM (1.63), 0PBM (1.77) and lO0PBM (1.88). The survival was fairly high (79.37 to 83.73 %) without any significant (P> 0.05) difference among treatments. The results showed that up to 75 % of fish meal can be replaced with PBM without adversely affecting the growth performance of PL. In experiment 4, isoproteic (40 %) and isolipidic (10 %) diets with 0 % (control diet), 75 % (75PBM), 80 % (80PBM), 85 % (85PBM), 90 % (90PBM), 95 % (95PBM) and 100 % (100PBM) PBM replacing FM protein were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile prawn (average initial weight: 3.77 ± 0.03 g) and cultured in a recirculation water system at 16 juveniles/ tank (dimension: 49 x 49 x 31 cm; volume 70 L). The prawn was fed three times daily (9 am, 1 pm and 5 pm) at 5 % of their body weight for 40 days. FW, WG and SGR were the highest in lO0PBM (9.66 ± 0.21 g, 160.64 ± 7 .38 % and 2.06 ± 0.07 %/day, respectively) followed by 95PBM, 80PBM, 85PBM, 75PBM, 90PBM and 0PBM. The FCR during the feeding trials ranged from 1.50 to 2.20. The survival of juvenile prawn (83.33-89.58 %) did not show any significant different (P> 0.05) among treatments. The result showed that the utilization of PBM is improved in larger M. rosenbergii. In conclusion, manipulation of dietary ingredients such as locally available marine protein (shrimp, squid and bivalve) and PBM can be successfully used in the production of M. rosenbergii at different life stages without negatively affecting their performances in terms of growth performance, survival, feed utilization efficiency and whole body composition.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Keyword: | Dietary ingredients, Giant freshwater prawn, Giant freshwater prawn |
| Subjects: | S Agriculture > SH Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling > SH1-691 Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling > SH201-399 Fisheries > SH365-380.92 Shellfish fisheries. Shellfish culture |
| Department: | INSTITUTE > Borneo Marine Research Institute |
| Depositing User: | DG MASNIAH AHMAD - |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Nov 2023 10:01 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Nov 2023 10:01 |
| URI: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/37670 |
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