Dg Siti Rahayu Zaihurin (2021) Processed fish waste as fish meal replacement in the diets of climbing perch (anabas testudineus ) and red tilapia (oreochromis sp.). Masters thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
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Abstract
Fish waste is one of the industry's cost-effective and easily accessible ingredients that has not yet been thoroughly researched and used. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of fish meal (FM) replacement with fish waste (FW) on growth, survival, feed efficiency, body composition of two well-known freshwater fishes climbing perch (Anabas testudineus ) and red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). In this study, FW was first treated either by heat, hydrolysis using hydrochloric acid or acetic acid then the proximate composition, fatty acids and peptide profiles of the FWs were analyzed. For the hydrolysis, four concentration levels were tested for both type of acids at 2M, 4M, 6M and 8M. The suitable FW was then selected for feeding trials on climbing perch and red tilapia. The first experiment was conducted in Songkla Inland Aquaculture Research and Development Regional Center, Thailand on climbing perch (average initial body, BW 0.89±0.08 g) using experimental diets which contained 0, 25 and 50% of protein from FW (labelled as F0, F25 and F50), respectively. The feeds were fed triplicate groups of fish until satiation (0800 and 1600) for eight weeks. The second experiment was conducted on red tilapia in Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia. Three different experimental diets were prepared; diet with 25% heat treated FW (diet H), diet with 25% of the selected FW (diet AA) and diet with fish meal as main protein source (diet FM). The feeding trial was performed in duplicate tanks and red tilapia (initial BW 7.01±0.06 g) were fed until satiation (0800 and 1600) for ten weeks. Based on the proximate analysis, the FW treated with 2M concentration level of both acids shown to contain substantially higher protein content compared with other treatments (P<0.05) and equivalent to the heat treatment (P>0.05). The protein content was inversely proportional to the increasing level of acid concentration. Besides, 2M of hydrochloric and acetic acids did not influence the FW fatty acids (P>0.05) and peptides profiles compare to the heat-treated FW. Therefore, FW treated with 2M acetic acid was selected for the feeding trial. Results on climbing perch showed that fish fed diets F25 and F50 obtained lower growth compared with fish fed F0 (control diet) (P<0.05). The changes on BW (%) appeared to be inversely proportional to the increasing level of FW inclusion. However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) from treatment F25 was comparable to F0 and better than F50 (P>0.05). The fish body protein content in F50 was the highest to all treatments (P<0.05). As for the fatty acid profiling, FW diets did not appear to affect the body fatty acid content of climbing perch in F25 and F50 and the profiles showed no significant differences with F0 (P>0.05). In red tilapia, the growth performance and survival showed no significant differences among the treatments, but the highest BW gain was observed in red tilapia fed AA (P>0.05). No significant difference between all treatments was observed in FCR, protein efficiency ratio, and net protein utilization (P>0.05). Diet FM diet led to higher viscerosomatic index value compared to fish fed diets with FW. Red tilapia fed with diet H contained highest body protein content, followed by fish fed AA and FM (P<0.05) while body lipid content did not vary among the treatments (P>0.05). As for the red tilapia body fatty acids, fish fed diets with FW displayed higher levels of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids compared to the control. In conclusion, the heat and hydrolysis treatments changed the nutritional quality of the FW. In climbing perch, replacement of FM with FW affected the growth of the fish, however, a substitute amount of less than 25% could be possible used in climbing perch. On the hand, FW replacement at 25% can be utilized by red tilapia without comprising the growth, survival and feed utilization of the fish.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Keyword: | Fish waste, Fish indusrty's, Fish meal, freshwater fishes climbing perch, Red tilapia |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD1-1066 Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD895-899 Industrial and factory sanitation > TD896-899 Industrial and factory wastes |
| Department: | INSTITUTE > Borneo Marine Research Institute |
| Depositing User: | DG MASNIAH AHMAD - |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Nov 2024 10:42 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Nov 2024 10:42 |
| URI: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41475 |
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