Microwaved-induced co-pyrolysis of used engine lubricant and palm empty fruit bunch for alternative fuel recovery

Nivasini Paramasivam and Rubia Idris and Chooi Wen Tan and William Woei Fong Chong and Guo Ren Mong and Jahimin A. Asik and Atikah Ali and Nur Wahida Fatini Aidy and Fadzlita Mohd Tamiri and Siti Rahayu Mohd Hashim and Cheng Tung Chong (2024) Microwaved-induced co-pyrolysis of used engine lubricant and palm empty fruit bunch for alternative fuel recovery. Carbon Resources Conversion, 8. pp. 1-11. ISSN 2588-9133

Text FULL TEXT.pdf Restricted to Registered users only Download (5MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Alternative fuel recovery from used engine lubricant (UEL) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) was achieved through microwave co-pyrolysis. Co-pyrolysis was chosen for its potential to improve the quality of pyrolytic oil by generating synergistic effects between two distinct feedstocks, reducing activation energy, and enhancing pyrolytic oil quality. The central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise the temperature and EFB ratio. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was employed to characterise the heavy metal concentration in the pyrolytic oil. The optimised pyrolytic oil (UE450) produced the highest oil yield (25.17 wt%) with the lowest metal concentration at 450 ◦C with a 50 % EFB ratio. The fuel’s characteristics were similar to those of conventional diesel, with a higher value of HHV (45.17 MJ/kg). However, the oil was slightly acidic, with a pH of 4.3. GC–MS analysis of UE450 revealed the presence of alkanes and monoaromatic-rich hydrocarbons. Additionally, the UE450 biochar was characterised using FTIR, FESEM, and XRF. FTIR analysis showed that the carbonyl group (C = O) peaks at 1730 and 1440 cm− 1 disappeared, indicating that heavy metals were bound to the biochar surface. Likewise, XRF analysis of UE450 biochar revealed that zinc (Zn) exhibited a high metal adsorption capacity, following the sequence Zn > Fe > Pb (1.96, 1.06, and 0.81 mmol/g). The XRF results also indicated a significant removal of SO3 at approximately 10.37 mmol/g.

Item Type:	Article
Keyword:	Used engine lubricant Empty fruit bunch Co-pyrolysis Metal removal Sulphur trioxide
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD1-1066 Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD783-812.5 Municipal refuse. Solid wastes T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN1-997 Mining engineering. Metallurgy
Department:	FACULTY > Faculty of Science and Natural Resources
Depositing User:	ABDULLAH BIN SABUDIN -
Date Deposited:	30 Apr 2025 15:19
Last Modified:	30 Apr 2025 15:19
URI:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/43677

Actions (login required)

View Item