Milennie Vialantine Sumbing (2018) Removal of organic and inorganic waste in land-based integrated multi-trophic aquaculture of spiner lobster, sea cucumber and seawed. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
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Abstract
The rapid development of aquaculture has raised the issues of environmental concern related to the inputs of materials from unsustainable sources and discharge of effluents. Because aquaculture is emerging as an increasingly important sector that can contribute to food security, it has to grow. However, sustainable development of aquaculture requires addressing the issues that undermine it.s environmental compatibility and value as a source of healthy food choice of consumers. In this context, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) offers a means of producing aquatic food that has inbuilt systems of mitigating ecological footprint of the farming operations and ensures that the species grown are of high quality. This research was motivated by the needs to demonstrate the relevance of different IMTA designs for production of multiple species that are popular with the consumers and represent practically viable methods that conform to the core principles of ecological aquaculture. The systems approach in the IMTA module stocking of spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus), sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) and seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezil) in land-based facilities is evident in the recirculating system (RS) as well as flow-through system (FTS). A comparison of the two modules reveals their differences in their operational efficiency. The system design consisted of a fibre glass tank (1 m x 1 m x 0.5 m) for spiny lobster and two polyethylene tanks, each measuring 1.3 m x 0.8 m x 0.4 m one which was for sea cucumber and the other one for seaweed. The stocking density were 5 individuals/tank for spiny lobster (mean BW 151.44 ± 7.14 g) and sea cucumber (mean BW 32.16 ± 1.40 g), while the mean initial biomass for seaweed was 500.65 ± 1. 76 g/tank. Water flow rate was maintained at 0.08 ± 0.01 L/sec in both the systems. Growth and survival of these species were compared. Water samples from each trophic level were collected every 15 days interval for the analysis of inorganic nutrients. The trial was conducted for 10 weeks. Results indicated that the specific growth rate (SGR) of 0.10 % per day of lobster in RS was not significantly different (P>0.05) from its value of 0.13 % per day in FTS. However SGR of seaweed in RS (0.18 % per day) was sjgnificantly higher (p<0.05) compared to that (0.03 % per day) obtained in FTS. Seaweed removed 50.41 %, 48.40%, 31.24% and 31.24% of NH3-N, NOrN, NOrN and PO4-P respectively in FTS. The values of NH3-N, NOrN, NOrN and PO4-P were significantly higher (p<0.05) in RS and these parameters appeared to have supported the growth of seaweed. The second experiment was conducted using RS to determine the different diets for spiny lobster and also the performance of seaweed in biofiltration. The stocking rate was 5 individuals/tank for spiny lobster (mean BW 325.61 ± 14.32 g) and sea cucumber (mean BW 56.43 ± 2.33 g), while the initial biomass of seaweed was 504.84 ± 0.59 g/tank. Spiny lobster was fed with three different diets such as, forage fish (Treatment 1 ), marsh clam (Treatment 2) and commercial shrimp pellet (Treatment 3) for 12 weeks. The feeding frequency was twice daily (8:00h and 16:00h). The result indicated that the SGR of 0.15 ± 0.06 % per day in spiny lobster was significantly higher (P<0.05), when fed with dietary treatment 1 compared to SGR (0.12 ± 0.04 % per day) obtained with other two diets. The performance of sea cucumber was lower, with the SGR - 0.06 % per day, - 0.08 % per day and - 0.04 % per day in dietary treatment 1 treatment 2 and treatment 3, respectively. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the seaweed growth and the dissolved inorganic nutriant (NHrN, NOrN, NOrN and PO4-P) among the three dietary treatments. The third experiment was conducted in recirculating IMTA system with a similar design with previous experiment. Treatment 1, sea cucumber was given supplementary feed using Sargassum powder and treatment 2, no supplementation of Sargassum powder in sea cucumber tank. The SGR of sea cucumber was significantly higher (P<0.05), 0.04 % per day in treatment 1 compared to SGR of - 0.05 % per day in treatment 2. The results indicated that the waste generated from spiny lobster tank may not be sufficient for supporting growth of sea cucumber but seaweed efficiently assimilated inorganic nutrients that were generated in the IMTA system. The present study has provided valuable knowledge to the aquaculturist on IMTA system on the potential in reducing the inorganic nutrients and organic matter discharged to the envireonment.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Keyword: | Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture, Spiny lobster, Sea cucumber, Seaweed, Recirculating aquaculture system |
| Subjects: | S Agriculture > SH Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling > SH1-691 Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling > SH20.3-191 Aquaculture |
| Department: | INSTITUTE > Borneo Marine Research Institute |
| Depositing User: | DG MASNIAH AHMAD - |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Jul 2025 10:42 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Jul 2025 10:42 |
| URI: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/44289 |
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