Green synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles from Kappaphycus alvarezii extract

Syafiqah Syazwani Jaffar and Suryani Saallah and Mailin Misson and Shafiquzzaman Siddique (2024) Green synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles from Kappaphycus alvarezii extract. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 50. pp. 3435-3452. ISSN 0922-6168

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Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized via a green method offer numerous advan- tages compared to conventional chemical synthesis routes, primarily due to their lower cost, non-toxic nature, and enhanced antimicrobial properties. This study introduces a green method for synthesizing AgNPs with promising antimicrobial properties, using Kappaphycus alvarezii (K. alvarezii), a red seaweed, as the reduc- ing and stabilizing agent. The hydrothermal method was employed, and optimal synthesis conditions were identified at 90 °C for 2 h. The resulting AgNPs were comprehensively characterized using an array of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including UV–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, and atomic force microscopy. The findings indicated that the functional groups inher- ent to the seaweed extract played a crucial role in both reducing and stabilizing the AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs are confirmed based on the presence of the charac- teristic surface plasmon resonance band within the 380–460 nm range in the UV– Vis spectra. The AgNPs are predominantly composed of silver (82.38 wt%) and exhibit a face-centered cubic lattice based on the distinct diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.06°, 44.23°, 64.34°, and 77.27° align with the (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0), and (3 1 1) reflection planes. Microscopic analysis revealed a cubical shape of the nanoparticles with rough surfaces consisting of spherical nanoparticles measur- ing 1–8 nm in diameter. The AgNPs displayed potent antimicrobial activity against a range of pathogens including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Staphylococus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii (B. subtilis), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) with minimum inhibitory concen- trations and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations as low as 0.13 mg/mL. These findings highlight the potential of K. alvarezii as reducing agent for the pro- duction of AgNPs, which hold great promise as antimicrobial agents in various food and biomedical applications.

Item Type:	Article
Keyword:	Seaweed, Stabilizing agent, Hydrothermal, Antimicrobial resistance
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GC Oceanography > GC1-1581 Oceanography > GC1000-1023 Marine resources. Applied oceanography Q Science > QK Botany > QK1-989 Botany
Department:	INSTITUTE > Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI)
Depositing User:	JUNAINE JASNI -
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2025 17:03
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2025 17:03
URI:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/44625

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