Mohd. Noor Mat Yazid (2023) An analysis of the cases of sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (between Indonesia and Malaysia) and Pedra Branca (between Malaysia and Singapore) why Malaysia succeeds in claiming Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan but failed in Pedra Branca.
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Abstract
This study addresses the Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan disputes between Malaysia and Indonesia and the debate over Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh) between Malaysia and Singapore. In both confrontations, diplomatic and negotiating efforts to settle fell short. Both parties submitted The cases to the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The International Court of Justice ruled in 2002 that Pulau Ligitan, Pulau Sipadan, and Pedra Branca belonged to Malaysia and Singapore, respectively. This paper aims to explain why Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan belong to Malaysia, whereas Pedra Branca is a part of Singapore. What is the primary problem that the ICJ ruling affected and took into account? This study used secondary sources such as books, journals, and ICJ Reports. This study concludes that “effective occupation” was significant in the ICJ’s ruling. The ICJ ruling was influenced by Malaysia’s effective occupancy of Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan, even though Indonesia and the Netherlands claimed both islands following the 1891 Convention. Similar to Pedra Branca, which is near Malaysia and was historically a part of Malaysia (Sultanate of Johore), Pedra Branca is also greatly influenced by Singapore’s “effective occupation” of the islet.
| Item Type: | Proceedings |
|---|---|
| Keyword: | Pulau Sipadan, Pulau Ligitan, Pedra Branca, International Court of Justice, effective occupation |
| Subjects: | D World History and History Of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Etc. > DS Asia > DS1-937 History of Asia > DS520-560.72 Southeast Asia > DS591-599 Malaysia. Malay Peninsula. Straits Settlements > DS597.22-599 Local history and description K Law > KZ Law of Nations > KZ2-6795 Lawofnations > KZ3410 21st century |
| Department: | FACULTY > Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities |
| Depositing User: | JUNAINE JASNI - |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Aug 2025 12:35 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Aug 2025 12:35 |
| URI: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/44805 |
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