Syed Umar Faruq Syed Najmuddin and Rasidah Abdul Rajak and Nur Aina Aqilah Arlihamdi and Ahmad Muqri Akhiroman and NurulFadhilah Amirah Abdul Zim and Andrea Sheena Albert Switzer Chia and Nur Adlina Syuhada Anurul Hiraq and Mohd Khalizan Sabullah (2025) Preliminary bioactivity profiling of methanol crude extract from CLIN acanthus nutans leaves: Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and apoptotic properties. Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, 13. pp. 100-107.
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Abstract
CLIN acanthus nutans (C. nutans), or “Belalai Gajah,” is traditionally used to treat microbial infections, cancer, inflammation, and diabetes due to its rich phytochemical profile. This study aimed to extract bioactive compounds from C. nutans leaves using varying methanolic concentrations (100%, 70%, and 60% v/v) and evaluate their total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant, antimicrobial, and apoptotic activities. Extraction yields were 8.50%, 15.80%, and 14.70% for 100%, 70%, and 60% methanol extracts, respectively. The 100% methanol extract showed the highest TPC (23.40 mg GAE/g), followed by 70% (20.48 mg GAE/g) and 60% (20.32 mg GAE/g). Antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH assay showed the strongest radical scavenging in the 100% extract (IC₅₀ = 1.13 mg/mL), followed by 70% (1.87 mg/mL) and 60% (2.82 mg/mL). Only the 60% and 70% extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 10 mg/mL. Cytotoxicity assessed by MTT assay on CT26 cells revealed the lowest IC₅₀ for the 100% extract (0.18 ± 0.071 mg/mL), followed by 70% (0.20 ± 0.062 mg/mL) and 60% (0.49 ± 0.042 mg/mL). Apoptotic populations in CT26 cells, determined via Trypan Blue assay, were 47.34% ± 8.89, 44.37% ± 2.34, and 43.00% ± 0.95 for the 100%, 70%, and 60% extracts, respectively. These findings suggest that C. nutans exhibits promising antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent. Further studies are needed to explore its mechanisms, dosage optimization, and synergistic interactions with other compounds.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Keyword: | C. nutans, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Apoptosis, Anti-cancer |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC31-1245 Internal medicine > RC254-282 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology Including cancer and carcinogens R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica > RS153-441 Materia medica > RS400-431 Pharmaceutical chemistry |
| Department: | FACULTY > Faculty of Science and Technology |
| Depositing User: | JUNAINE JASNI - |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Nov 2025 11:33 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Nov 2025 11:33 |
| URI: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/45679 |
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