Impacts of MDR/XDR-TB on the global tuberculosis epidemic: Challenges and opportunities

Chin, Kai Ling and Luis Anibarro and Chang, Zi Yuan and Praneetha Palasuberniam and Zainal Arifin Mustapha and Maria E. Sarmiento and Armando Acosta (2024) Impacts of MDR/XDR-TB on the global tuberculosis epidemic: Challenges and opportunities. Current Research in Microbial Sciences, 7. pp. 1-8. ISSN 2666-5174

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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is the world's second-deadliest infectious disease. Despite the availability of drugs to cure TB, control of TB is hampered by the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). The presence of MDR/XDR-TB is alarming due to the low detection rate, high treatment failure, and high mortality. The increasing cases of MDR/XDR-TB are mainly due to the limitations in the diagnostic tests to detect the drug susceptibility of the pathogen, which contribute to the spread of the disease through close contacts. Moreover, inconsistent drug therapy or unsuitable drug regimens could also lead to the subsequent development of drug resistance. The close contacts of an index MDR/XDR-TB patient are at increased risk of developing MDR/XDR-TB. Also, the BCG vaccine may exhibit varying protective effects due to BCG strain diversification, host immune status, exposure to environmental non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and differences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) subspecies infection, as in the case of sub-optimal protection in the case of Beijing family genotypes of Mtb. This review provides an overview of the current state of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) within the context of the global TB pandemic, with a focus on diagnosis, treatment, and the potential impact of BCG vaccination. It highlights the limitations of current approaches and aims to identify opportunities for improving TB control strategies.

Item Type:	Article
Keyword:	MDR-TB, XDR-TB, Diagnosis, Treatment, Vaccine
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR1-502 Microbiology R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC31-1245 Internal medicine > RC109-216 Infectious and parasitic diseases
Department:	FACULTY > Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Depositing User:	SITI AZIZAH BINTI IDRIS -
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2025 14:56
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2025 14:56
URI:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/44623

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