Items where Subject is "S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) > S1-(972) Agriculture (General)"

Academic Exercise

Mohd Azizul Asmad Latip (2022) Plant disease classification system using deep learning. Universiti Malaysia Sabah. (Unpublished)

Nur Atiqah Romli (2022) Application for agriculture sensor using internet of thing for temperate vegetable cultivation. Universiti Malaysia Sabah. (Unpublished)

Article

A Zainorabidin and S N A Zulkefle and K A Ang and H M Mohamad and K Basri and M A P Agung (2024) Influence of particle size for Malaysia peat to the cyclic triaxial loading parameters. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. pp. 1-11. ISSN 1755-1315

A. Y. M. Nevame and R. M. Emon and M. A. Malek and M. M. Hasan and Md. Amirul Alam and Farrah Melissa Muharam and Farzad Aslani and M. Y. Rafii and M. R. Ismail (2018) Relationship between High Temperature and Formation of Chalkiness and Their Effects on Quality of Rice. BioMed Research International, 2018. pp. 1-19. ISSN 2314-6141

A.K. Engku and M. Norida and A.S. Juraimi and M.Y. Rafii and S.N.A. Abdullah and Md. Amirul Alam (2016) Gene flow from Clearfield® rice to weedy rice under field conditions. Plant, Soil and Environment, 62 (1). pp. 16-22. ISSN 1214-1178 (P-ISSN) , 1805-9368 (E-ISSN)

Affendy Hassan and Mohd Hafis Sulaiman and Muhammad Shuhaimi Ibrahim and Abu Bakar Abd Rahman and Charis Saliun (2024) Investigating Fertilizer Spreader Blades for Improved Flow Behaviours and Material Resilience in Palm Plantation Settings. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 114. pp. 214-226. ISSN 2811-3950

Anand Nainar and Kawi Bidin and Rory P. D. Walsh and Robert M. Ewers and Glen Reynolds (2017) Effects of different land-use on suspended sediment dynamics in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo) – a view at the event and annual timescales. Hydrological Research Letters, 11. pp. 79-84. ISSN 1882-3416 (E-ISSN) , 1882-3416 (P-ISSN)

Aubrey Mei Li Lee and Chin, Clament Fui Seung and Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan and Chye, Fook Yee and Lee, Huei Hong and Mohd Rakib Mohd Rashid (2023) Metabolites profiling of protein enriched oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.) grown on oil palm empty fruit bunch substrate. LWT, 181. pp. 1-7. ISSN 0023-6438

Bashira Olajumoke and Abdul Shukor Juraimi and Md. Kamal Uddin and Mohd H.A. Husni and Md. Amirul Alam (2016) Competitive ability of cultivated rice against weedy rice biotypes – A review. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 76. pp. 243-252. ISSN 0718-5820 (P-ISSN) , 0718-5839 (E-ISSN)

Centhyea Chen and Umi Hartina Mohamad Razali and Fiffy Hanisdah Saikim and Azniza Mahyudin and Nor Qhairul Izzreen Mohd Noor (2021) Morus alba L. Plant: Bioactive Compounds and Potential as a Functional Food Ingredient. Foods, 10. pp. 1-28. ISSN 2304-8158

D D M Hamdan and J Seludin and F Musa and M K Sabullah and S A Rahim (2022) Identification of arsenic accumulator from traditional upland rice genotypes: A field survey in interior division, North Borneo. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. pp. 1-9. ISSN 1755-1307

Daniel James and Normah Awang Besar and Mazlin Mokhtar and Mui-How Phua (2022) Estimating aboveground carbon of teak-based agroforestry systems in Sabah, Malaysia using airborne LiDAR. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 17 (3). pp. 85-99. ISSN 1823-8556

Dave J. I. Seaman and Maria Voigt and Greta Bocedi and Justin M. J. Travis and Stephen C. F. Palmer and Serge Wich and Erik Meijaard and Henry Bernard and Nicolas J. Deere and Tatyana Humle and Matthew J. Struebig and Marc Ancrenaz (2021) Orangutan movement and population dynamics across human-modified landscapes: implications of policy and management. Landscape Ecology, 36. pp. 2957-2975. ISSN 0921-2973 (P-ISSN) , 1572-9761 (E-ISSN)

Dk. Norhajijah Ak. Mohiddin and Darius El Pebrian (2021) Exploring mechanization degree and capacity in Malaysia’s oil palm plantations. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 23 (2). pp. 220-228. ISSN 1682-1130

Edgar C Turner and Yatela Zainal Abidin and Henry Barlow and Mohd Hattah Hj. Jaafar and Tom M Fayle and Chey, Vun Khen and Jonny Larenus and Anand Nainar and Glen Reynolds and Yusrin Bin Yusof and Min, Sheng Khoo and Robert M Ewers (2012) The Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems Project: Investigating the Design of Human-Modified Landscapes for Productivity and Conservation. The Planter, 88 (1036). pp. 453-468. ISSN 0126-575X

F. Aslani and A.S. Juraimi and M.S. Ahmad-Hamdani and Md. Amirul Alam and F.S.Golestan Hashemi and D. Omar and M.A. Hakim (2015) Phytotoxic interference of volatile organic compounds and water extracts of Tinospora tuberculata Beumee on growth of weeds in rice fields. South African Journal of Botany, 100. pp. 132-140. ISSN 0254-6299

Farzad Aslani and Abdul Shukor Juraimi and Muhammad Saiful Ahmad-Hamdani and Farahnaz Sadat Golestan Hashemi and Md Amirul Alam and Md Abdul Hakim and Md Kamal Uddin (2016) Effects of Tinospora tuberculata leaf methanol extract on seedling growth of rice and associated weed species in hydroponic culture. Journal of integrative agriculture, 15. pp. 1521-1531. ISSN 2095-3119

Fazilah Musa and Intan nursuhada mohd shahrudin (2023) Estimating the visitor’s willingness to pay towards biodiversity conservation at Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park, Malaysia, using the Contingent Valuation Method. Biodiversitas, Journal of Biological Diversity, 24 (7). pp. 1-10. ISSN 1412-033X

Goh, Shu Xian and Hasmadi Mamat and Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz (2024) Valorization of agriculture by-product: Development of gluten-free biscuit made from blends of okara and jackfruit seed flour. Waste Management Bulletin, 2. pp. 1-7. ISSN 2949-7507

Ivy Quirinus Chong and Elisa Azura Azman and Ng, Ji Feng and Roslan Ismail and Azwan Awang and Nur Aainaa Hasbullah and Rosmah Murdad and Osumanu Haruna Ahmed and Adiza Alhassan Musah and Md. Amirul Alam and Normah Awang Besar @ Raffie and Nor Elliza Tajidin and Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh (2022) Improving Selected Chemical Properties of a Paddy Soil in Sabah Amended with Calcium Silicate: A Laboratory Incubation Study. Sustainability, 14. pp. 1-13. ISSN 2071-1050

Izzaty Iqlima Norazman and Mohammad Amizi Ayob and Assis Kamu and Fatimah Kayat and Zul Ariff Abdul Latiff (2015) Study on knowlegde level of oil palm smallholder towards the oil palm basal stem rot disease (BSR). Advances in Environmental Biology, 9. pp. 1-5. ISSN 1995-0756 (P-ISSN) , 1998-1066 (E-ISSN)

J Joseph and D James and , L T Chai and A Korom and W V C Wong and R D Maripa and M H Phua (2021) Assessing intraspecific wood density variations of Syzgium sp. in tropical forest of Southwest Sabah. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1053. pp. 1-7.

Jason Lowell Jitolis and Awang Nasrizal Awang Ali and Nurmin Bolong (2022) A review of agricultural waste management, technology processing, and applications: approaches to the utilization of agricultural-based biochar in water filtration. The International Journal of Environmental Sustainability, 19. pp. 93-108. ISSN 2325-1077 (P-ISSN), 2325-1085 (E-ISSN)

Jurry Foo and Colonius Atang and Jalihah Md. Shah and Kee Sabariah Kee Yusof and Harifah Mohd Noor and Intan Soliha Ibrahim and Marja Azlima Omar and Pauline Yong (2021) Ketahanan komuniti menguruskan sumber pertanian dalam menghadapi bencana sosial semasa tempoh pendemik Covid-19. Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development (JISED), 6. pp. 29-40. ISSN 0128-1755

K. V. Annammala and N. A. Mohamad and D. Sugumaran and L. S. Masilamani and Y. Q. Liang and M. H. Jamal and Z. Yusop and A. R. M. Yusoff and Anand Nainar (2021) Sediment clues in flood mitigation: the key to determining the origin, transport, and degree of heavy metal contamination. Hydrology Research, 52. pp. 91-106. ISSN 1998-9563 (P-ISSN) , 2224-7955 (E-ISSN)

Kamlisa Uni Kamlun and Renate Bürger-Arndt and Fazleen Abdul Fatah (2024) Mapping the demand for ecosystem services in human-dominated topical forest of Sabah, Malaysia. Forest and Society, 8 (1). pp. 1-31. ISSN 2549-4724

Kenji Sakai and Mohd Ali Hassan and Charles Santhanaraju Vairappan and Yoshihito Shirai (2022) Promotion of a green economy with the palm oil industry for biodiversity conservation: A touchstone toward a sustainable bioindustry. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 133 (5). pp. 414-424. ISSN 1389-1723

Koay, Evelyn Shin Rou and Lum, Mok Sam (2020) Priming Effects on Seed Germination of Tadong Upland Rice Collected in Sabah, Malaysia. Transactions on Science and Technology, 7 (3-2). pp. 147-158. ISSN 2289-8786

Lindah Roziani Jamru and Mohamad Nazril Sharil and Mohamad Pirdaus Yusoh (2023) Assessing the evolution of paddy cultivation in kota belud, sabah using gis and remote sensing techniques. PLANNING MALAYSIA: Journal of the Malaysian Institute of Planners, 21. pp. 204-216. ISSN 1675-6215

M. M. H. Tipu and M. Amin and M. Dhar and Md. Amirul Alam (2014) Effects of Mulching on Yield and Quality of Tomato Varieties. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 3. pp. 12-14. ISSN 2278-2206 (E-ISSN) , 2349-3682 (P-ISSN)

M. Monjurul Alam Mondal and Adam B. Puteh and M. M. Hasan and Md. Amirul Alam (2014) Varietal Performance and Effect of Planting Method on Yield and Yield Contributing Characteristics of Rice. Life Science Journal, 11. pp. 9-13. ISSN 1097-8135 (P-ISSN) , 2372-613X (E-ISSN)

MMJ Liza and MR Islam and M Jahiruddin and MM Hasan and Md. Amirul Alam and SM Shamsuzzaman and AW Samsuri (2014) Residual Effects of Organic Manures with Different Levels of Chemical Fertilizers on Rice. Life Science Journal, 11. pp. 6-12. ISSN 1097-8135 (P-ISSN) , 2372-613X (E-ISSN)

Mansoor Abdul Hamid and See Chee Hian and Oslida Martony and Mazarina Devi (2024) Effect of steam and microwave blanching against enzymatic browning of chilled saba banana (Musa Spp., Bbb). Bulletin of Culinary Art and Hospitality, 4 (1). pp. 21-28. ISSN 2797-8249

Md. Amirul Alam and Farzad Aslani and Siti Zaharah Sakimin and Mohd Nor Ghani Abu Samah and Abdul Shukor Juraimi (2017) Effects of different type of fertilizers on growth and physiology of MD2 pineapple. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 46. pp. 489-495. ISSN 2079-9926

Md. Amirul Alam and Farzad Aslani and Siti Zaharah Sakimin and Nur Azwani Abd Rahim and Abdul Shukor Juraimi (2017) Effects of indigenous microorganism and system of rice intensification formulation on growth, physiology, nutrient uptake and rice yield. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 46. pp. 433-438. ISSN 2079-9926

Md. Amirul Alam and Farzad Aslani and Siti Zaharah Sakimin and Siti Suhana Patrie and Abdul Shukor Juraimi (2017) Growth performance of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) in response to oil palm by-product media and controlled release fertilizer. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 46. pp. 427-431. ISSN 2079-9926

Md. Amirul Alam and Nur Amanina Rahmat and Salumiah Mijin and Md. Sajedur Rahman and M. M. Hasan (2022) Influence of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) on growth and yield performance of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo). Journal of Agrobiotechnology, 13 (1). pp. 40-49. ISSN 2180-1983

Muhammad Afzal and Anis Shahzad Khan and Basit Zeshan and Muhammad Riaz and Umer Ejaz and Ayesha Saleem and Rida Zaineb and Haseeb Akram Sindhu and Chan, Yean Yean and Naveed Ahmed (2023) Characterization of Bioactive Compounds and Novel Proteins Derived from Promising Source Citrullus colocynthis along with In-Vitro and In-Vivo Activities. Molecules, 28. pp. 1-20.

Muhammad M Hasan and Mohd Y Rafii and Mohd Razi Ismail and Maziah Mahmood and Md. Amirul Alam and Harun Abdul Rahim and Mohammad A Malek and Mohammad Abdul Latif (2015) Introgression of blast resistance genes into the elite rice variety MR263 through marker-assisted backcrossing. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96. pp. 1297-1305. ISSN 0022-5142

Muhammad Mahmudul Hasan and Mohd Y. Rafii and Mohd R. Ismail and Maziah Mahmood and Harun A. Rahim and Md. Amirul Alam and Sadegh Ashkani and Md. Abdul Malek and Mohammad Abdul Latif (2015) Marker-assisted backcrossing: a useful method for rice improvement. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 29. pp. 237-254. ISSN 1310-2818

Muhammad Nur Aiman Uda and Subash C. B. Gopinath and Uda Hashim and Muhammad Nur Afnan Uda and Tijjani Adam and Nor Azizah Parmin and Sreeramanan Subramaniam and Suresh V. Chinni and Veeranjaneya Reddy Lebaka and Ramachawolran Gobinath (2023) Controlling Arsenic Accumulation in Rice Grain under Nanomaterials-Assisted Optimal Greenhouse Set-Up. Sustainability, 15. p. 1.

N. A. Mohamad and Anand Nainar and K. V. Annammala and D. Sugumaran and M. H. Jamal and Z. Yusop (2020) Soil erosion in disturbed forests and agricultural plantations in tropical undulating terrain: in situ measurement using a laser erosion bridge method. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 11. pp. 1032-1041. ISSN 2040-2244 (P-ISSN) , 2408-9354 (E-ISSN)

Natalie Yoh and Dave J. I. Seaman and Nicolas J. Deere and Henry Bernard and Jake E. Bicknell and Matthew J. Struebig (2023) Benign effects of logging on aerial insectivorous bats in Southeast Asia revealed by remote sensing technologies. Journal of Applied Ecology. pp. 1-13. ISSN 0021-8901

Ni Ketut Mardewi and Candyrine, Su Chui Len and Nur Hardy Abu Daud and Luh Suariani and I Nyoman Kaca and Yan Tonga (2022) Forage diversification of parent Bali cattle in Simantri Group 733 Manah Cika Guna Bhakti, Baru Village Tabanan Bali Indonesia. Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment, 6 (2). pp. 92-97.

Nitiyaa Ragu and Jason Teo (2022) Object detection and classification using few-shot learning in smart agriculture: A scoping mini review. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6. pp. 1-9.

Norhidayati Bt. Sunyob and Abdul Shukor Juraimi and M.A. Hakim and Azmi Man and A. Selamat and Md. Amirul Alam (2015) Competitive Ability of some Selected Rice Varieties against Weed under Aerobic Condition. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 17. pp. 61-70. ISSN 1560-8530

Nur Atikah Ibrahim and Abdul Razak Alimon and Halimatun Yaakub and Anjas Asmara Samsudin and Su, Candyrine Chui Len and Wan Nooraida Wan Mohamed and Abidah Md Noh and Muhammad Amirul Fuat and Saminathan Mookiah (2021) Effects of vegetable oil supplementation on rumen fermentation and microbial population in ruminant: A review. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53. pp. 1-11. ISSN 0049-4747 (P-ISSN) , 1573-7438 (E-ISSN)

Nur Hidayah Hamidi and Osumanu Haruna Ahmed and Latifah Omar and Huck Ywih Ch’ng and Prisca Divra Johan and Puvan Paramisparam and Adiza Alhassan Musah and Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh (2023) Charcoal and Sago Bark Ash Regulates Ammonium Adsorption and Desorption in an Acid Soil. Sustainability, 15. pp. 1-9.

Nur Liyana Zahidah Juri (2022) Perkembangan Penanaman Getah: Satu Tinjauan Awal Terhadap Peranan Lembaga Tabung Getah Sabah (LTGS) 1991-1994. Jurnal Borneo Akhailogia, 7 (1). pp. 52-64.

Poh, Lucky Wah Goh and Benardette Lyovine Jaisi and Roslina Jawan and Jualang Azlan Gansau (2024) Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Microorganisms from Orchids for A Sustainable Agriculture. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 9. pp. 1-13.

Rosmah Murdad and Mardiana Muhiddin and Wan Hurani Osman and Nor Elliza Tajidin and Zainol Haida and Azwan Awang and Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh (2022) Ensuring Urban Food Security in Malaysia during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Is Urban Farming the Answer? A Review. Sustainability, 14. pp. 1-24. ISSN 2071-1050

S. K. Roy and M. Y. Ali and M. S. Jahan and U. K. Saha and M. S. Ahmad-Hamdani and M. M. Hasan and Md. Amirul Alam (2014) Evaluation of growth and yield attributing characteristics of indigenous Boro rice varieties. Life Science Journal, 11. pp. 122-126. ISSN 1097-8135 (P-ISSN) , 2372-613X (E-ISSN)

S.M. Rezaul Karim and Md. Amirul Alam and Mastura Ibrahim and Abdul Shukor Juraimi and M.A. Hakim and Farzad Aslani (2017) Residual effect of imidazolinone herbicide used in Clearfield© rice on non-clearfield rice. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 46. pp. 335-341. ISSN 2079-9926

SK Roy and MY Ali and MA Hakim and MM Hanafi and Abdul Shukor Juraimi and MS Jahan and UK Saha and Md. Amirul Alam and MA Kashem (2014) Evaluation of growth and yield potentialities of local boro rice varieties in south-west region of Bangladesh. Life Science Journal, 11. pp. 277-281. ISSN 1097-8135 (P-ISSN) , 2372-613X (E-ISSN)

Saboor Gul and Sadia Javed and Muhammad Azeem and Amreen Aftab and Nazima Anwaar and Tahir Mehmood and Basit Zeshan (2023) Application of Bacillus subtilis for the Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Different Cultivars of Wheat (Tritium aestivum L.). Agronomy, 13. pp. 1-15.

Salumiah Mijin and P. Ding and N. Saari and S. I. Ramlee (2021) Effects of pollination techniques and harvesting stage on the physico-chemical characteristics of jackfruit. Scientia Horticulturae, 285 (110199). pp. 1-10. ISSN 0304-4238

Shafeeqa Shahruddin and Mohammad Mohd Lassim and Azwan Awang and Haya Ramba and Elisa Azura Azman (2020) Moisture equilibration on germinability and seedling performance of cacao (Theobroma cacao) seed. Transactions on Science and Technology, 7 (3-2). pp. 121-126.

Sumari Putra and Azleena Kassim and Song-Quan Ong and Gomesh Nair and Ragheed Duraid Al Dabbagh and Duraid Yaseen and Nur Farihah Aminuddin (2022) Classification of jackfruit and cempedak using convolutional neural network and transfer learning. IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI), 11. pp. 1353-1361. ISSN 2252-8938

Syaul Dumian and Siti Suliza Salamat and Hendry Idol (2024) Utilizing leafy vegetable waste for production compost as a mean of planting media. Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment, 8 (3). pp. 137-145.

Wahyudi and Zainal Muttaqin and Andy Russel Mojiol (2012) Analisis Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Sungkai (Peronema CanescenJack.) Di Kalimantan. Jurnal Sains Natural, 2 (2). pp. 116-122. ISSN 2086-3446 (P-ISSN) , 2621-508X (E-ISSN)

Wendy Luta and Osumanu Haruna Ahmed and Latifah Omar and Roland Kueh Jui Heng and Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo and Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh and Adiza Alhassan Musah and Arifin Abdu (2021) Water Table Fluctuation and Methane Emission in Pineapples (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) Cultivated on a Tropical Peatland. Agronomy, 11. pp. 1-16. ISSN 2073-4395

Yunhong Xu and Huadong Wang and Nga, Lay Hui (2021) Prediction of Agricultural Water Consumption in 2 Regions of China Based on Fractional-Order Cumulative Discrete GreyModel. Journal of Mathematics, 2021. pp. 1-7. ISSN 2314-4785

Zhen, Joyce Ting Looi and Lum Mok Sam (2020) Salinity Effect on the Growth and Yield of TR9 Rice Variety. Transactions on Science and Technology, 7 (3-2). pp. 127-136. ISSN 2289-8786

Conference or Workshop Item

Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh and Jamal Bin Talib and Wan Sulaiman Wan Harun and Mohd Fauzi Ramlan and Christopher B.S. Teh (2007) Carbon sequestration in biomass of immature-rubber, banana and pineapple intercropping system. In: Soils 2007, 17 - 19 April 2007, Mukah, Sarawak.

Proceedings

Chang, Jackson Hian-Wui and Yong, Jie Wong and Ooi, Maggie Chel-Gee and Saginela Ravindra Babu and Shantanu Kumar Pani and Lin, Neng-Huei (2023) Meteorological influence on Biomass Burning in Maritime Continent from 2012 to 2021.

Dennis A/L Mariadass and Ervin Gubin Moung and Maisarah Mohd Sufian and Ali Farzamnia (2022) Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) regressor and shapley additive explanation for crop yield prediction in agriculture.

Hamzarul Alif Hamzah and Norah Tuah and Kit Guan Lim and Min Keng Tan and Lei Zhu and Kenneth Tze Kin Teo (2019) Data transmission in wireless sensor network with greedy function and particle swarm optimization.

Hong Ting, Chee and Yu-Beng Leau, Yu and Hung Lai, Po and Fun Tan, Soo and Asni Tahir (2021) Eye-tank: monitoring and predicting water and pH level in smart farming.

Irfan Ardiansah and N Bafdal and E Suryadi and Awang Bono (2021) Design of micro-climate data monitoring system for tropical greenhouse based on Arduino UNO and Raspberry Pi.

Mandy Maid and Teckonia Mudi and Adele Ding and Jenne Lajuni and Kodoh Julius (2022) Diversity and composition of plant species in a communal agroforestry system at Manggatal, Sabah.

Norhasnizah Gasmin and Calley Debra Yasing and Md. Amirul Alam and Lum, Mok Sam (2023) Morpho-physiological and yield variability among 19 different rice collections.

Sahibin Abd Rahim and Ng Siuw Sing and Diana Demiyah Mohd Hamdan and Nur Zaida Zahari and Hennie Fitria Wulandary Soehady Erfen and Junaidi Asis and Baba Musta (2021) Heavy metals content in soil and welsh onion from Mesilou agricultural area Ranau Sabah.

Thesis

Daniel James (2017) Above ground carbon stock estimation of agroforestry systems in Balung plantation, Tawau, Sabah using airborne Lidar Data. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sabah.